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bababooey
11-24-2008, 11:21 AM
Might as well post these up as they happen. I have a feeling most of you surf guys will get screwed.


Judge denies bid to delay beach project

STAFF AND WIRE REPORTS ?€? November 21, 2008

TRENTON ?€” A federal judge on Thursday rejected a request by the Jersey Shore chapter of the Surfrider Foundation seeking to delay a $9.3 million beach replenishment project in Long Branch until the sand retrieved from the ocean floor could be tested for hazardous substances.

U.S. District Judge Mary L. Cooper, sitting in Trenton, denied Surfrider's motion for a preliminary injunction even as the Army Corps of Engineers began site preparation work for the project which was delayed for years while Long Branch's Congressional delegation tried to cobble together funding from the Bush administration.

"We will go on with the case, but Surfrider Foundation did not prevail today," wrote John Weber, Northeast regional manager for the group, in an e-mail. Surfrider had sought a preliminary injunction to block the project until the Army Corps would test the sand, and Weber said attorneys arguing the case for the government made technical points and did not center on issues related to the safety or health-worthiness of the dredged material.
"We find it perplexing that the government will probably spend more money paying lawyers to fight our request than it would spent to simply perform the tests we seek," Weber said.

Lawyers James Sullivan and Michael Hall, arguing for Surfrider, made comparisons to a replenishment project in Surf City, in which the dredged material brought up old munitions, requiring a $17 million project to rid the beach of the hazards.

Weber said Surfrider does not believe that will happen in Long Branch ?€” and the dredges will be fitted with baskets to prevent that ?€” but that the Surf City incident illustrates the Army Corps cannot know what is in the material, even if it carefully evaluates it in advance.

Rep. Frank J. Pallone Jr., D-N.J., has said the project is expected to take three months to complete and will replenish the beaches, beginning at Cedar Avenue and then heading north toward Howland Avenue.

The work began despite the filing of a lawsuit two weeks ago by the Surfrider Foundation to delay the replenishment until the sand, which will be pumped from the ocean floor near Sandy Hook and transported to Long Branch, could be tested for contaminants. The sand is located near several sources of pollution and wastewater, including outfall from New York Harbor.

The pumping is expected to begin Dec. 1 and take about 45 days, ending on or about March 14, at a cost of $9.3 million, including $5.3 million from the federal government. The state Department of Environmental Protection is paying $1.06 million for the experimental design to help keep surfers surfing and to make the beach safer, officials said.

Surfrider wanted the Army Corps of Engineers to do a chemical study of sand that it is to dredge from an area near Sandy Hook, which is adjacent to a section where shellfishing is prohibited because of high levels of fecal coliform.

"It is not a matter of holding back progress" said Surfrider's William P. Rosenblatt, a former mayor of Loch Arbour, who added fellow executives in Deal and Allenhurst expressed a concern in having the sand tested years ago. "This is an important public safety issue."

Rosenblatt said authorities are relying on a nearly 20-year-old environmental impact statement for the Long Branch project and that there has not been a chemical study performed on the sand.
"To view sand as an infinite public resource, we know that is not the case," said Rosenblatt. "Ultimately, we might need to put sand on beaches where there are" emergent issues.

The city, which bonded for its share of the project's cost several years ago, paid about $740,000, said city Business Administrator Howard H. Woolley Jr. However, the DEP's Benjamin Keiser said the city's cost could be as low as $729,000. Final figures will be available at the conclusion of the project, Woolley said.

gjb1969
11-24-2008, 07:27 PM
our gov makes no sense just put the sand ther and let the next guy worry :argue::devil::burn::moon::2flip: carma will come back on them all

captnemo
11-24-2008, 07:41 PM
Millions of development dollars in Long Branch real estate. Faced with the choice of protecting that or fishermen's spots, fishermen will lose out every time.

cowherder
11-24-2008, 07:59 PM
It will be so lame if they cover those jetties.

hookset
08-17-2009, 05:25 PM
How do you feel about the restoration of beaches?

July 07, 2009

$209 Million Spent on NJ Beach Restoration

New Jersey's crown jewel of 127 coastline miles spans from Sandy Hook to Cape May and attracts visitors from all over the world. Especially now in a sagging economy, beaches remain one of the most cost-effective forms of natural recreation (usually costing less than the price of a movie ticket) and provide economic and environmental benefits as well.

Since the early 1990s, the Army Corps of Engineers has spent more than $209 million on beach replenishment programs along the Jersey Shore to combat continuing beach erosion caused by global warming, rising sea levels, as well as an abundance of ports, inlets and navigation channels.



In the past, New Jersey surfers criticized the way beach replenishment was implemented because the projects sometimes created a straight shoreline that destroyed wave action needed for good surfing (the best waves are generated by the natural curve of a shoreline carved by ocean currents). Surfer organizations in the state have now hired a company to keep an aerial record of the beach over the next year, and a team of students from Stevens Institute of Technology will measure the rate of erosion and sand migration.

The recreational benefits of beach restoration are available to everyone. But along with that are environmental benefits that are extremely important to the continued viability of several endangered species such as the sea turtle and piping plover. Beach restoration projects turn eroded beaches into sandy breeding grounds for these species, and provide vital habitat and nesting areas.
As for the economic benefits, beaches are the state's number one tourist destination and the beach season provides job opportunities and increased revenue. Furthermore, restoring beaches with healthy dune systems protects infrastructure and human lives from hurricanes and storm surges- drastically reducing the amount of damage incurred during a major storm.

New Jersey's coast is a resource that requires thoughtful management. Not only is beach restoration worth the investment, it is good public policy to boot.

surferman
11-24-2012, 06:12 AM
These homeowners in LBI are still against having high dunes built. Even though all that damage was caused they will not sign easements. Shame on them the dunes are the only thing that saved a lot of houses. I don't wish harm on anyone but it would serve them right if the ones who won's sign the easements would lose their houses in another storm.

Cleanup Efforts on Island Houses Present Challenges
http://barnegat-manahawkin.patch.com/articles/cleanup-efforts-on-island-houses-present-challenges

One resident feeling pressure, he says, to sign easements for beach dunes so he can clean his property.


By Colleen Platt (http://stripersandanglers.com/users/colleen-platt)
November 21, 2012
7 Comments (http://stripersandanglers.com/Forum/#comments_list)

http://o5.aolcdn.com/dims-shared/dims3/PATCH/resize/273x203/http://hss-prod.hss.aol.com/hss/storage/patch/7f41f13ea05232d56f69f47cdca4e364

hookedonbass
11-24-2012, 06:27 AM
These homeowners in LBI are still against having high dunes built. Even though all that damage was caused they will not sign easements. Shame on them the dunes are the only thing that saved a lot of houses. I don't wish harm on anyone but it would serve them right if the ones who won's sign the easements would lose their houses in another storm.



Hey i agree if they are too stupid to see that high dunes will prevent devastation they deserve what they get. I read somewhere that the damage from Sandy will be in the billions, more than Katrina. If you want to rebuild you need to do it smarter not follow the same old pattern that didn't work before. They should not give permits to any of the owners that won't sign easements. It is not fair to spend billions in rebuilding if the things you are building again are not protected. My .02 only.

finchaser
11-24-2012, 08:38 AM
they will learn when the insurance doesn't pay to rebuild any more,IMO most of them are assh_les anyway but will probably get the first beach replenishment from the army corp of moron job security program because of political contributions

Mike O
11-24-2012, 12:59 PM
Took a ride yesterday from Sandyhook to Belmar, pretty devastating. Also went into Union Beach, trashed. If people want to build that close to the waters edge, they should do so at their own peril. They should realize that they cannot mess with "Mother Nature". They should also bear the responsibility on their own if it happens again, and it will, you can be sure of that. All of us on this site I'm sure have a lot of respect for the weather because it is a big part of what we do. These people should heed the warning Sandy just provided for all of us, particularly if you want to build so close to the water. Of course the local governments are worried about the tax revenue, but at what cost to the rest of us.

DarkSkies
08-22-2013, 12:30 PM
A little late on posting this...sent in by Fin....

Feel free to post up any state or local meetings so we can keep tabs on any new developments...
Also any opinions or statements you feel are appropriate regarding beach replenishment....thanks folks....

DarkSkies
08-22-2013, 12:30 PM
Date: July 17, 2013 9:14:07 AM EDT

Subject: BEGINNING TODAY: Sea Bright/Monmouth Beach - ACOE Emergency Beach Replenishment Project - Public Information Session: Tuesday, July 23, 6pm at Monmouth Beach School


Dear Residents,

Due to piping plover issues, the ACOE Emergency Beach Replenishment Project dredge will now start in Monmouth Beach instead of Sea Bright. The work will begin today with the staging of equipment at the north end of the Pavilion parking lot.

Pumping is expected to begin on Thursday just north of the Long Branch Beach border and proceed north to the Sea Bright border. It is anticipated that this work for the Monmouth Beach segment will take about 30 days to complete. There will be a 1,000 foot buffer section, which will move north each day as the work progresses.

We recognize that the timing of this project may present some inconveniences for our beachgoers and we apologize in advance. Obviously, the borough is anxious to accomodate the timing and needs of this project in order to have our beach replenished for the protection of our town.

Please attend the information session on Tuesday, July 23 if you have any questions.

Sincerely,

Mayor Sue Howard, Commissioner Jim Cunniff, & Commissioner Bill McBride




Sea Bright/Monmouth Beach - ACOE Emergency Beach Replenishment Project
Public Information Session
Tuesday, July 23, 6pm
at Monmouth Beach School

Sea Bright/Monmouth Beach - ACOE Emergency Beach Replenishment Project - Public Information Session: Tuesday, July 23 at 6pm at Monmouth Beach School.

Hurricane Sandy severely impacted large portions of the northeastern United States. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ previously constructed beach erosion control and storm risk reduction project along the Atlantic Coast of New Jersey from Sea Bright to Manasquan was impacted with the storm causing the loss of roughly 5 million cubic yards of sand during the storm.

The renourishment in Sea Bright and Monmouth Beach is being done at full federal expense and as a result of two statutory authorities: 1) the Flood Control and Coastal Emergencies Act, PL 84-99 which authorizes the Corps of Engineers to repair projects after a large event like Hurricane Sandy, and 2) the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (the Sandy Relief Bill, or PL 113-2) that authorizes the Corps of Engineers to restore previously projects impacted by Hurricane Sandy to their original design profile

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is partnering with the New Jersey State Department of Environmental Protection to repair and restore the Sea Bright and Monmouth Beach section of the Sea Bright to Manasquan beach erosion control and storm risk reduction project.

DarkSkies
08-22-2013, 12:43 PM
When you are talking about beach replenishment, I strongly believe all previous public access should be retained.
When federal dollars are used, it becomes even more of an issue. There are places in other states where beach users do not enjoy the access we do.

There are also other states that are much more progressive than NJ has been when it comes to public access.
A good example of this is a thread started by VSdreams. I am referencing it here so folks can get a bit of a perspective on the importance public access takes on in other states. Granted, the thread below is primarily about bridges and piers,,,but the central theme of the public enjoying beaches under the Public Trust Doctrine is what I'm trying to get folks to focus on here........

http://stripersandanglers.com/Forum/showthread.php?8987-New-Law-Improving-Recreational-Access

Thanks to VS for starting that thread....:HappyWave:

basshunter
08-22-2013, 03:04 PM
When you are talking about beach replenishment, I strongly believe all previous public access should be retained.
When federal dollars are used, it becomes even more of an issue. There are places in other states where beach users do not enjoy the access we do.



This is the part that I don't agree with. The town takes federal money for the replenishment. Then it should not be charging for beach passes. I realize they have to pay the lifeguards but cmon now! Other towns in Delaware can do it with no beach fees so how come they can't in NJ?

paco33
08-22-2013, 03:45 PM
I don't get it either. All that funding from the gov't and they have to gall to charge 6-8 bucks for a daily beach pass. Highway robbery.

buckethead
08-25-2013, 12:47 PM
Not exactly the beach, but here is a plan to dredge the Shrewsbury river in case anyone wants to follow the progress.
8/23

OCEANPORT – Community leaders in this waterfront borough are calling on the state to dredge the Shrewsbury River after Hurricane Sandy left sediment and debris which cause flooding and navigational hazards.

Oceanport officials say the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection is considering dredging the river’s secondary channels.

“I would say that the Shrewsbury river is one of the many jewels that we treasure here on the Jersey Shore,” Oceanport Councilman Joseph Irace said. “It is important to dredge not only to widen the boating channels which have gotten narrower over the years to ensure safety, but also to help the smaller creeks and tributaries in order to maintain the ecosystem and ensure the recreational pleasures we all enjoy from the river.”

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for the river’s main channels, but the river’s secondary channels are state-owned, said Joseph DiLorenzo, a senior marine scientist with Eatontown consulting firm Najarian Associates.

“The rivers’ main navigation channels are primarily federally owned,” DiLorenzo said. “These federal channels are periodically dredged/maintained. However, many of the State-owned secondary channels also need to be dredged periodically to maintain seaward access for many boaters, and to maintain tidal exchange with the River’s upper reaches.”

DiLorenzo said the state hasn’t taken action on the secondary channels in a long time.

Hurricane Sandy left a large amount of sediment in the river’s channels, Irace said.

“Superstorm Sandy has really impacted the river, which is used by numerous residents and visitors for recreation,” Irace said. “Many enjoy boating and fishing on the river and along its banks.”

The shallower river channels raise the risk of flooding from both storm water runoff and higher tides from winter and tropical storms.

The main risk to Shrewsbury River communities, though, is to the hundreds of fisherman and recreational boaters who rely on access to the river.

“The Navesink and Shrewsbury Rivers (“the Rivers”) are invaluable waterways that provide a myriad of ecological, recreational and commercial benefits to these communities,” DiLorenzo said. “Unfortunately, these waterways are subject to shoaling and siltation, and require periodic maintenance dredging to ensure safe navigation for the boating public.”

The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection is currently considering whether to dredge the river, a public comment period on the dredging closed this week.

finchaser
11-08-2013, 07:47 PM
Just when you thought it couldn't get any worse


ADVERTISEMENT




MANASQUAN ? The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers will begin a $25.3 million beach-replenishment project from Manasquan to Belmar today , officials announced.
This is part of the Army Corps? Sea Bright-to-Manasquan beach-replenishment project begun last June to restore the coast after superstorm Sandy. The cost of the total project is $102 million and it is federally funded through the Sandy Relief Bill.
The replenishment will bring the Manasquan-to-Belmar beaches, including Sea Girt and Spring Lake, back to the levels of the Army Corps? 1997 beach-fill project in the same location.
Anthony Ciorra of the Army Corps said the beaches will be built to a height of 9.3 feet above sea level, and achieve widths of 150 to 250 feet. Approximately 1.5 million cubic yards of sand will be used.
The sand will be dredged from the same burrow area located 1 to 1 ?miles off the coast of Sandy Hook, he said. In total, 8 million cubic yards of sand is being restored to the beaches from Sea Bright to Manasquan for erosion control and storm-damage reduction.
The Army Corps has awarded the Manasquan-to-Belmar construction project to the Dutra Group of San Rafael, Calif.
?We?ve got to replenish,? said Rep. Chris Smith, R-N.J. ?The damage (from Sandy) would have been much worse had the Army Corps great projects not been in place.?
The replenishment will move north from Manasquan to Belmar and be completed sometime in April or May. Ciorra said approximately 1,000 to 2,000 linear feet of beach will be closed off at a time as the project proceeds north.

Monty
11-08-2013, 09:05 PM
Makes me want to puke

J Barbosa
11-09-2013, 06:04 AM
Dibs on the contract to dredge MI the following year.

storminsteve
11-09-2013, 02:57 PM
^^^ What a sweet contract. The job that keeps paying over and over again. Enough to send your grandchildrens grandchildren to college, buy some private islands to fish off of, and a fleet of sportfishers as well.:rolleyes:
When will they stop trying to figh mother nature? Wouldn't it be better to put a sea wall along the whole area like they have in monmouth beach? Or how about putting jetties in every town and notching them so the sand can flow through freely?

Monty
11-09-2013, 03:30 PM
^^^ What a sweet contract. The job that keeps paying over and over again. Enough to send your grandchildrens grandchildren to college, buy some private islands to fish off of, and a fleet of sportfishers as well.:rolleyes:
When will they stop trying to figh mother nature? Wouldn't it be better to put a sea wall along the whole area like they have in monmouth beach? Or how about putting jetties in every town and notching them so the sand can flow through freely?

I really liked fishing the broken jettys. I guess that will be all screwed up and all the crabs and other creatures that live close to shore will be killed/buried.
A sea wall makes to much sense.:mad:

fishinmission78
11-09-2013, 07:17 PM
Back the Brinks truck up for that contract. A lot of the good sized bass we see at Island Beach hug the shoreline. They will probably not be there anymoire after the beaches up that way get filled in

buckethead
11-15-2013, 11:12 AM
The latest

LONG BRANCH — A $40 million federal beach replenishment project is set to get underway in Long Branch next week, officials announced today.

Even before Hurricane Sandy decimated much of New Jersey’s coastline, beaches in Long Branch were narrow. Because of Sandy’s 10-foot storm surges, local officials said it’s even more imperative for the beach widening work.

“Sandy severely damaged our beaches and caused serious erosion that needs to be repaired to protect us from future storms,” U.S. Rep. Frank Pallone Jr. (D-6th Dist.) said at Pier Village in the Monmouth County city. “With this critical beach replenishment project getting under way, we are moving a step closer toward recovering from Superstorm Sandy and rebuilding the Shore.”

Pallone visited the area earlier today with Col. Paul Owen, commander of the New York District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which designed the project.

Long Branch is the third of four phases of the Army Corp’s work to reconstruct the coastline from Sea Bright to Manasquan. Work has already been completed in Sea Bright and Monmouth Beach. Work on the section from Belmar to Manasquan started last week and another section, from Avon-by-the-Sea to Asbury Park, is scheduled to start in January.

The Long Branch project will start at Pier Village and end at Lake Takanassee about two miles to the south. When that section is finished, work will begin on the nearly three miles of the city’s northern beaches to the Monmouth Beach border.

The last of the Monmouth County phases, from the Elberon section of Long Branch to Loch Arbour, is expected to start next fall. This section never had beach replenishment so local and federal officials are working to obtain easements and to design the project, Pallone said.

finchaser
08-10-2014, 01:53 PM
http://www.app.com/story/news/local/2014/08/09/sea-girt-floods-beach-pipes-clogged/13826003/

fishinmission78
08-10-2014, 02:22 PM
Yessir job security. Stupidity at its best. These guys all have engineering degrees too.

Mayor Ken Farrell explained that since July 28, the borough has had flooding problems resulting in clogged ocean outfall lines that developed after sand accumulated at the pipes on Neptune Boulevard and Baltimore Avenue.
After intervention from U.S. Rep Christopher H. Smith, R-N.J., and representatives from the state Department of Environmental Protection, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers said it will visit next week to analyze the situation.
Anthony Ciorra, chief of Coastal Restoration and Special Projects, wrote to Smith's office: "We have received your letter and a request from NJDEP to evaluate the outfall pipes to determine if they need to be extended. We will start the analysis by next week."
While sand accumulation is natural and expected, prevailing wind from the south has been the pattern for more than a week now, complicating the problem.
Each day since July 28, the borough had to send a Department of Public Works crew with a bulldozer to the ocean — sometimes twice a day and typically at low tide — to move the sand so the outfalls can do their job.

buckethead
08-11-2014, 01:04 PM
The amount of corruption behind the scenes would probably be bigger than the Watergate scandal. Why someone doesn't do an expose on the politicial connections baffles me.

J Barbosa
08-11-2014, 10:02 PM
How do I get a job with the ACOE?

Monty
08-11-2014, 11:02 PM
The amount of corruption behind the scenes would probably be bigger than the Watergate scandal. Why someone doesn't do an expose on the politicial connections baffles me.
This stuff and this complete beach replenishment just disgusts me completely.
Sick and tired of the corruption, waste of money and destruction this "replenishment" caused, is causing and will continue to cause.

Mayor Ken Farrell explained that since July 28, the borough has had flooding problems resulting in clogged ocean outfall lines that developed after sand accumulated at the pipes on Neptune Boulevard and Baltimore Avenue.
After intervention from U.S. Rep Christopher H. Smith, R-N.J., and representatives from the state Department of Environmental Protection, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers said it will visit next week to analyze the situation.
Anthony Ciorra, chief of Coastal Restoration and Special Projects, wrote to Smith's office: "We have received your letter and a request from NJDEP to evaluate the outfall pipes to determine if they need to be extended. We will start the analysis by next week."

At what point do we start to hold these people responsible for screwing the US?
:2flip: :2flip: :2flip: :2flip: :2flip: :2flip:

finchaser
08-12-2014, 09:05 AM
Unfortunately most of the people who put these people like Obama in office are clueless. So to answer your question probably not in your life time.

Monty
08-12-2014, 09:50 AM
Unfortunately most of the people who put these people like Obama in office are clueless. So to answer your question probably not in your life time.

Exactly, its useless. This country is in a downward spiral and its because of clueless people.
The majority of people in this country are trending towards entitlement, being lazy, being irresponsible.
Pumping antidepressants into them selves, other drugs and showing no incentive except for getting something handed to them on a silver platter.

And this all adds up to this beach replenishment. Its a viscous circle.

We need a real good flush.

finchaser
08-12-2014, 02:44 PM
We sure do need a good flush it's ashamed I won't be here to see it either way it goes. I guess a benefit of getting old

seamonkey
08-12-2014, 09:25 PM
Most major construction projects- bridges tunnels etc can be finished within 5 years. The fact that they will not be done and it will go on for decades smells like pork barrel politics to me.

finchaser
08-13-2014, 07:42 AM
thank Pallone for that

buckethead
08-13-2014, 08:29 AM
I agree he's no friend to fishermen that's for sure. The meetings at his office to foster better understanding between the stakeholders was all BS.

hookset
10-16-2014, 08:02 PM
some updates on easements-
http://nj.gov/oag/newsreleases14/pr20141016a.html

Efforts to Acquire Remaining Easements Continuing

Acting Attorney General John J. Hoffman and Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) Commissioner Bob Martin announced today that the State has obtained more than 80 percent of the property easements needed to enable construction of shore protection and flood mitigation projects designed to safeguard New Jersey residents against a future hurricane or other significant coastal storm.


In response to the destruction caused by Superstorm Sandy two years ago, as well as the announced availability of federal funding for coastal hurricane and storm damage reduction projects, Governor Chris Christie issued Executive Order No. 140 in September 2013. Among other things, the Executive Order directed the Attorney General?s Office and DEP to take whatever action was required to obtain property easements that would enable a series of projects involving beach widening and construction of engineered dunes along the New Jersey coast.


At the time Executive Order 140 was issued, the State needed approximately 2,850 public and private easements. As of today, approximately 2,400 of those easements have been obtained, and vigorous efforts to acquire the remaining 400 easements are continuing.


Acting Attorney General Hoffman explained that the vast majority of easements obtained to date have been provided voluntarily by property owners.


"The property easements we have obtained, and the easements we still seek, are vital to coastal protection efforts that benefit all New Jersey residents," Acting Attorney General Hoffman said. "We appreciate that many property owners -- clearly mindful of the destruction caused by Superstorm Sandy -- have unselfishly donated easements for the greater good rather than engage the State in protracted litigation. But to those who continue to hold out, our message is that we remain committed to acquiring these easements as expeditiously as possible, and -- consistent with a landmark Supreme Court decision issued in 2013 -- without paying a king's ransom as compensation."


"Governor Christie and I have been extremely clear on this matter," Commissioner Martin said. "Sandy taught us sobering lessons about the critical need for beach and dune systems as an integral part of making New Jersey more resilient in the face of future storms and floods. We commend the property owners who have done the right thing by working with us and understanding their civic responsibility in helping to protect their communities and their neighbors. Those who continue to hold out must step up as well, or we will take necessary steps to secure those easements."


According to Acting Attorney General Hoffman, the State's success in obtaining voluntary easement donations has been the result of concerted outreach efforts, which have included letters, public meetings, private meetings and, in some cases, the commencement of condemnation proceedings (but not actual litigation).


In addition, the towns of Ocean City, Longport and Middletown -- at the direction of the Division of Law -- have adopted Resolutions under the Disaster Control Act taking approximately 20 easements that were not provided voluntarily by property owners. The State also has issued an Administrative Order taking approximately 15 easements needed in Elsinboro.


A significant reason why so many of the 2,400 required easements have been obtained voluntarily is the landmark decision of the New Jersey Supreme Court, issued in July 2013, that resulted from strong advocacy by the State regarding how to determine compensation for easements needed for an already-completed shore protection project in the Borough of Harvey Cedars.


One of those easements -- an easement sought from beachfront property owners Harvey and Phyllis Karan -- was obtained for $1 as part of an eventual legal settlement that ended years of litigation. The litigation process began with the Borough seeking to obtain an easement from the Karans to build a 22-foot-high dune on a portion of their lot. The municipality used its power of eminent domain to acquire the needed easement. However, the parties could not agree on fair compensation and ended up in court, where the DEP ultimately became an intervenor.


A trial jury placed the value of the Karan's easement at $375,000, and the Appellate Division upheld that verdict. However, on July 8, 2013, the state Supreme Court overturned the Karan's $375,000 jury award and ordered a new trial. In reversing the jury award, the Supreme Court held that homeowners who are subject to a property-taking on behalf of public projects ?are not entitled to a windfall? that disregards the protective benefits of those projects to their own property. The Karans subsequently settled, accepting $1 as compensation.


The State was confronted with another legal challenge by Harvey Cedars residents Victor and Carolyn Grossier, who sought a total of $800,000 for their beachfront easement, including $600,000 in damages. In June of 2014, however, a jury determined that the protective benefits of the project outweighed any damages, and that the homeowners should receive only $300 in compensation.


Planned shorefront protection projects requiring easements include:


?beach widening and dunes construction from Great Egg Harbor to Townsend Inlet in Ocean City, Upper Township, and Sea Isle City;


?beach widening and dune construction from Brigantine Inlet to Cape May Inlet-Absecon Island in Margate and Longport;


?beach widening and dunes construction from Barnegat Inlet to Little Egg Inlet-Long Beach Island (Beach Haven, Long Beach Township, Ship Bottom, Surf City);


?beach widening and dunes construction from Manasquan Inlet to Barnegat Inlet in northern Ocean County (Bayhead, Berkely, Brick, Lavalette, Mantoloking, Point Pleasant Beach, Toms River, Seaside Heights and Seaside Park);


?beach widening from Sandy Hook to Barnegat Inlet Section 1 (Allenhurst, Deal, Loch Arbour and Long Branch);


?beach widening and dunes construction along Raritan Bay at Port Monmouth (Middletown);


?beach widening along the Delaware River coastline in Elsinboro (Oakwood Beach).


In addition DEP, working with the Federal Highway Authority, is proceeding with a ?steel revetment? project in Mantoloking and Brick as a last line of defense in the area where the ocean breached the barrier island to create an inlet during Sandy. To date, no compensation has been paid to any private property owners for easements provided voluntarily.

buckethead
01-18-2015, 05:00 PM
This will be the end. If you folks have a chance - drive down and look at the jetties this winter for one last look. After the Spring they will just be a memory.
http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/blogs/item/77477-beach-replenishment-set-for-southern-deal-to-loch-arbour?l=me

Monty
01-18-2015, 05:18 PM
This will be the end. If you folks have a chance - drive down and look at the jetties this winter for one last look. After the Spring they will just be a memory.
http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/blogs/item/77477-beach-replenishment-set-for-southern-deal-to-loch-arbour?l=me

Its disgusting what they have done and continue doing to the jersey shore.
Amazing how screwed up this is in so many ways.

hookset
02-19-2015, 09:13 AM
The last nail in the coffin. Check out the highlighted quote from pallone. Unbelievable.

LONG BRANCH, NJ – Today, Congressman Frank Pallone, Jr. (NJ-06) announced that the contract for beach replenishment from southern Deal to Loch Arbour has been awarded. The project will cover the area stretching from Philips Avenue in Deal south to Loch Arbour. The Army Corps of Engineers awarded the contract for the $38,283,230 project to Manson Construction Company. Work to replenish this stretch of the shore will begin in spring 2015. A contract award for the second half of the overall project, which includes beach replenishment from Philips Ave in Deal north to Lake Takanasee in Elberon, will be awarded later this year. The funding for this project is part of the Sandy aid package that Congressman Pallone fought for in Congress.

“I’m pleased that the Army Corps is moving forward with this important investment that will help to protect homes and businesses along the Jersey Shore from future flooding and repair the destruction caused by Sandy,” said Congressman Pallone. “Our beaches are a fundamental part of life here on the shore, both for residents to enjoy and also to drive tourism. I have fought for this and other beach replenishment projects for years because I know how important they are to protect some of our most fragile coastal infrastructure.”

This contract will cover the placement of 1,400,000 cubic yards of sand for reconstruction of the shoreline from Deal to Loch Arbour. It also includes lengthening six existing stormwater outfalls, as well as modification of two existing groins.

Originally, the Army Corps had planned to notch six groins, also known as jetties, between Elberon and Loch Arbour. However, after meeting with Congressman Pallone and concerned citizens, including fishermen, surfers and recreational users in the area, the Army Corps agreed to only notch three groins within the project area.

Two groins, one at Deal Casino and the other at Marine Place, will be notched as a part of the southern Deal to Loch Arbour contract, and a third groin at Phillips Avenue will be notched under the forthcoming contract that will cover Elberon to northern Deal. The Army Corps is also working with the Deal Lake Commission to finalize plans to install an electronic gate in the Deal Lake Flume to allow the outfall to be cleared efficiently if it were to become blocked by sand, an issue which was also discussed at last year’s meeting.

"Awarding this contract, which is the first of two contracts, for the Elberon to Loch Arbour storm risk reduction project will enable the Corps to begin working on completion of the last remaining section for the 21 miles of shoreline between Sea Bright and Manasquan" said Col. Paul Owen, commander, Army Corps of Engineers, New York District.

"This project is another example of great teamwork for our continued efforts to increase resiliency on the Jersey Shore in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. We have had great cooperation between the State, local municipalities, public, and political interests as we have worked together to refine and complete the plans for the project and finally award the first of two construction contracts.

Once complete, this project will provide additional beach erosion control and storm risk reduction to coastal communities in New Jersey."

lostatsea
02-20-2015, 10:57 AM
The last nail in the coffin. Check out the highlighted quote from pallone. Unbelievable.

LONG BRANCH, NJ – Today, Congressman Frank Pallone, Jr. (NJ-06) announced that the contract for beach replenishment from southern Deal to Loch Arbour has been awarded. I have fought for this and other beach replenishment projects for years because I know how important they are to protect some of our most fragile coastal infrastructure.”



This makes no sense. He fought for beach replenishment to protect the infrastructure? How about the rocks that protected most of the area for the last 50 years? Take them away and you have less protection and sand that will just be washed away in the storms. The only winners in this scenario are the guys who pump the sand. Jobs forever.

finchaser
02-20-2015, 02:31 PM
Di_k head fought for it because he lives there^^^. I heard it starts March 1st.

buckethead
02-25-2015, 08:53 AM
What some folks don't understand is the replenishment will not only ruin things for surf guys it will destroy some of the habitat the boat folks count on. Interesting article in the APP by John Oswald

http://www.app.com/story/sports/outdoors/fishing/hook-line-and-sinker/2015/02/24/fishing-sand-replenishment-prime-spots-destroyed/23964641/

baitstealer
03-02-2015, 02:26 PM
Good read bucket head thanks for posting. are the jetties still there this winter?

surferman
09-17-2015, 02:47 PM
I don't live up where the jetties are but have read that most of them are gone. I can report that the cape may jetties are slowly starting to come back but the fishing sucks compared to what it used to be .

Saw the following article online this week.
http://asburyparksun.com/dougherty-beach-replen-ishment-being-washed-away/
It would be nice if some of those politicos would listen. However it looks like they have their own agenda. Sand forever should be the new slogan.

DarkSkies
09-21-2015, 11:43 AM
Thanks for the thread and all the different opinions.....

One point....without throwing stones at anyone in particular........
When there was time for action on the jetties...when there could have been concessions made......barely anyone in the surf community was listening..........I have been to behind the scenes meetings with the DEP and can tell you when folks are willing to organize in numbers, things can get done.....concessions have been made if you have backing....but there was not enough backing to give the clout that was needed...this despite a tremendous and commendable effort from committed groups like the NJBBA, Joe Pallotto, Surfrider, some of the old farts like Finchaser and his network... :thumbsup: :thumbsup: and a few others.........

So forgive me if I'm a little jaded now...with all the griping on the internet.....from folks who "did not know".....
This replenishment was published regularly in newspapers, online, on all of the fishing forums.....there was ample opportunity for folks to get involved.... and no real valid excuse for not knowing about it...unless you were a soldier stationed overseas.....

With a turnout of less than 200 for the highly publicized Asbury Park rally.......
http://stripersandanglers.com/Forum/showthread.php?9405-Jetty-Country-will-be-a-parking-lot-Want-to-stop-it-Get-involved!
We fishermen FAILED, dismally.......because of Apathy.......

I'm not worried about who likes me or not....after they read my words here...
The simple fact is...there is a lot of talk about the jetties now....but when it came time for action....pleas were being made....Finchaser himself was on this site and several others pleading with folks to get involved......

And we....as a group....failed to act......in enough numbers to get results, with the exception of the 3 jetties promised to be "saved". That's hardly an achievement when you consider 80% of the Monmouth County jetties had resisted storms and hurricanes for 70 years.

The responsibility for this....as well as the responsibility for lack of cohesive fisheries management policy...sits squarely on the shoulders of the apathetic fishermen out there....

If your ears are ringing when reading this.....yes you might be guilty of Apathy....it's up to each person to ask themselves if they could have done more......

I know I was willing to give my own blood for those jetties.......and willing to get arrested in protesting....how many people can honestly say they would have done that?...if that's what it would have taken....to get someone to listen?...

We are a very different....and much more apathetic...society from when Finchaser and most of the NJ area fishing clubs rallied together in Spring Lake back in the 80's...and whose sheer numbers of protestors.....forced the town to re-visit their draconian night parking ban that discriminated against fishermen.....:learn:

So the internet posturing, wailing, gnashing of teeth....sour grapes....now...it's all moot....:kooky:
When we had the chance to actually make a difference this time......the sad truth is....that most fishermen dropped the ball...or had the attitude

"Let Joe do it...I'm too busy"
http://stripersandanglers.com/Forum/showthread.php?6181-Asbury-Park-8th-ave-jetty-The-power-of-one-How-one-guy-made-a-difference










OK, too much emotion is in this for me....the sadness I have over the alternate solutions that could have been worked out..is too much...

It's very sad, how many folks seem to say they care now...

but were nowhere to be found, when their bodies and protests were needed at the meetings.....

Food for thought...people....:learn:

DarkSkies
09-21-2015, 12:08 PM
The last minor thought I had on this, is that in the future, someone will come along, say-
"Well you know, we did rally together on this, the political forces behind it were just too powerful. And sometimes you just can't fight city hall."

That would be an inaccurate statement...and is only true because of the tremendous fishermen Apathy there is in today's society....

If that statment held true all the time...

1. Women would still not be allowed to vote and considered property of their husbands.
2. We would still be in Prohibition.
3. There would not be the equal voting rights that we have today.
4. There would not be laws against discrimination that we have today.

All of the above, started with incensed citizens being mad enough, to take a risk and fight against unjust laws...
One sad observation I have about today's society...is that for many of us....there is just no "fight" inside some of our citizens....and a grumbling acceptance of our impotence as citizens....
And for as long as I live......I hope to never have that attitude that we must accept these major injustices that are wrong....

As I said, you are all welcome to your opinions...feel free to post.....as I have posted mine...:HappyWave:

buckethead
09-21-2015, 12:59 PM
Agreed dark. We certainly dropped the ball on this one. There's an old joni mitchell song. You don't realize what you have till its gone. I think that applies to people today.

seamonkey
09-21-2015, 01:18 PM
My opinion is a lot of it has to do with economics too. Look at the cape may jetties. Our beaches are quite shallow its a lot distance before the water starts getting deep. They took the jetties and took all reasons fishermen have to come to the beach. We don't have a lot of inshore rockpiles or sloughs like you guys do up north. Once those jetties were covered it was a marine wasteland. Now if you want fish your best bet is an inlet or bridge.

Look at the dollars and the groups. Tourists spend millions in each county for the summer. Even hunters have the NRA which has millions of dollars to stick up for them. Ask fishermen to cough up a few dollars for lobbying and research and they won't! I read where the SSFFF was having trouble getting guys to ante up with donations. How hard is it to understand if you don't give them money your fish limits will be cut by NOAA? Some guys just dont get it or are cheap basstards. Whatever.

seamonkey
10-30-2015, 12:40 PM
Interesting points I just read in another thead posted here on Sandy and the future. What do you guys think?



Over the past 25 years the Army Corps has routinely replenished the New Jersey coastline, dumping some 56 million cubic meters of sand - the volume equivalent to about 22 Great Pyramids of Giza - along 85 kilometers of shore in an attempt to stave off the Atlantic Ocean.
"But that's only temporary; it'll get washed away," Pilkey says.
"What do we have, 3,000 miles [4,800 kilometers] of barrier island shoreline on the North American coast?
We can't nourish them all to somehow try to keep them all in place. There aren't the resources."

Many people believe sand dunes are the answer to saving barrier islands. Dunes have value, Psuty says, "but all too often they're given the role of savior, which they are not. In reality, the dunes are there because sand is being transferred inland."

Even in Mantoloking, with its reinforced dune, there's a high probability of failure. Why? Development. "That first row of prime properties typically force the dunes to be rebuilt too close to the water to ever last in the waves," Psuty says. Even a big dune with a long steel sea wall within it is vulnerable because it's placed where it's inherently unstable. Psuty thinks that the surf will probably start undermining the sea wall in a few years, tops.

In recent years the Army Corps seemingly has recognized the drawbacks (and futility) of both hard structures and soft beach nourishment, and has bet that some shorelines, particularly on the bay side of the barrier islands, can best be defended by so-called living shorelines, featuring restored wetlands, submerged plants, and oyster reefs. One researcher calls living shorelines a "travesty," while another likens the approach to "putting green lipstick on a pig." Some others reluctantly note that the concept, which for the first time at least considers the welfare of the natural ecosystem, constitutes something of a step forward.

Although the peril to the Jersey Shore is much less dire, the storm surge threat to the East Coast is sufficiently severe that last year the US Department of Housing and Urban Development asked experts to spotlight novel ways to fend off the next big storm. One idea was to build artificial barrier islands "of sand and stone" to further protect the coast, a testament to humanity's dueling natures: perseverance versus stubbornness.

Jersey Shore dwellers must know that, in truth, they surf the crest of a colossal swell of wind-blown sand that is being swept slowly and surely inland. And just like any wave, this westerly one will ultimately break and disappear.
http://www.hakaimagazine.com/article-long/letting-go-paradise



(http://www.hakaimagazine.com/article-long/letting-go-paradise)

jigfreak
10-30-2015, 01:15 PM
Although the peril to the Jersey Shore is much less dire, the storm surge threat to the East Coast is sufficiently severe that last year the US Department of Housing and Urban Development asked experts to spotlight novel ways to fend off the next big storm. One idea was to build artificial barrier islands "of sand and stone" to further protect the coast, a testament to humanity's dueling natures: perseverance versus stubbornness.



You have to be sh***ing me. Yeah those barriers used to be called jetties and now the a**holes from the ACOE wiped them all away. Wonder how long before the jetty country towns get breached in the future.

buckethead
12-23-2015, 11:58 PM
Another jab at the ACOE, this time in the national media. Seems what they started is not working, and may not be funded for the next decade like Rep Pallone claims.

http://www.nbcnewyork.com/video/#!/on-air/as-seen-on/Massive-Post-Sandy-Beach-Rebuilding-Project-Already-Washing-Away-in-NJ/363307031

njdiver
12-24-2015, 10:24 AM
DEP COMMISSIONER MARTIN CRITICIZES DREDGING CONTRACTOR?S PLANS TO SUSPEND BEACH AND DUNE CONSTRUCTION ON LONG BEACH ISLAND


http://www.nj.gov/dep/newsrel/2015/15_0120.htm

plugcrazy
12-24-2015, 10:48 AM
"I share in the deep disappointment at Great Lakes' decision to leave LBI and our critical beach replenishment project half-completed, subject to the winter weather and storm surges common this time of year," said Congressman Frank LoBiondo (NJ-2). "In close communication and coordination with Commissioner Martin, local mayors and the Army Corps, I have made clear on several occasions to Great Lakes' leadership of my immense frustration at this self-serving business decision that leaves the residents and properties of LBI at risk.

"I will continue to press the importance of finishing this project as planned, ensuring adequate winter storm protection and ample time to plan for the summer tourism season."


"Federal beach nourishment and resiliency projects are essential to projecting our shore communities and preserving our coastline, which is why it is disappointing that sections of Long Beach Island may be left unfinished for some winter months early next year," said U.S. Senator Cory Booker. "I continue to work with Senator Menendez, Congressman LoBiondo and other elected officials to impress upon the Army Corps to work with the contractor to ensure that its contractual obligation to have work completed by Memorial Day is met."


^^^^Check this out, from the article njdiver linked -
No comments from Pallone. Hmmm. Doesn't that sound strange? Or is he only concerned when Long Branch and Deal, the towns that funnel the most money to his campaign, are involved?

VSdreams
12-24-2015, 11:17 AM
Another jab at the ACOE, this time in the national media. Seems what they started is not working, and may not be funded for the next decade like Rep Pallone claims.

http://www.nbcnewyork.com/video/#!/on-air/as-seen-on/Massive-Post-Sandy-Beach-Rebuilding-Project-Already-Washing-Away-in-NJ/363307031

Unbelievable. If the army corps was a company they would be bankrupt. There seems to be no accountability.

njdiver
12-24-2015, 11:18 AM
^^^^Check this out, from the article njdiver linked -
No comments from Pallone. Hmmm. Doesn't that sound strange? Or is he only concerned when Long Branch and Deal, the towns that funnel the most money to his campaign, are involved?
Long Beach is not part of his constituency.

VSdreams
12-24-2015, 11:24 AM
I was wondering about that too, thanks for posting.

So, if you're a congressman that is concerned with the "citizens" in your state and what problems they face, usually the problems don't have boundary lines. Poverty and crime spill over from one county to another. I believe its the same with drugs like heroin. Why should beach replenishment be any differrent? The government makes a master plan for the whole NJ coastal area. Why would a congressman NOT speak up about it? Bingo, it's not part of his constituency. To me that shows that they only care about being elected and votes. And the issues are less important than the votes. I really hate some of these two faced politicians. My .02.

storminsteve
12-24-2015, 11:54 AM
I wonder if any of this news exposure will cause them to re-visit their stance that one size fits all. The sand stuff does not work, that's clear. Chances of them ever admitting that publicly are very small though.

DarkSkies
12-25-2015, 01:10 PM
A lot of good points were made here, people.

Some folks seem to think the Public Trust Doctrine is a supreme weapon to be used by all fishermen no matter what our behavior is towards the folks who live in these areas.

Granted, I have met the angry, elitist, self-entitled homeowners.
I have also made friends with some along the way, and thus been sometimes granted access not available to others. All because I try to see every conflict, from different sides, and try to understand why someone would want to block fishermen access.

I fully support Andrew Chambarry, and agree that anyone who can, should try to funnel outside legal business his direction as a way of saying thanks.

However, I have been up and down the Coast fighting these access battles the past decade, and have learned a few things...
1. In many cases fishermen or visitors to beaches cause bad reps by selfish behavior.
2. No one is more entitled to beach access than anyone else. I feel we should all have equal access.
3. However, some folks have forgotten how to talk to each other, to communicate respectfully.
4. A key case coming into play now is the Amagansett Beach fishermen access, in a place known as "truck beach". I believe that case will become as important in the annals of recent beach access history, as Brookhaven, LI was.
http://stripersandanglers.com/Forum/showthread.php?990-Brookhaven-bans-fishing-at-Shoreham-Beach!
5. We all need to understand the political climate in any situation. I have ranted about Mr Pallone's hypocrisy several times. However, sometimes there are many factors in the political landscape that we may not be aware of.
6. Fighting or rallying against an issue that has public support, is difficult, but not impossible. It's the people who can make the difference, but also you need key people behind the scenes.








Please don't lose sight of the fact that bodies are needed at these meetings. If you count on Joe or Pete to do it we will lose. Fishermen are one of the worst organized and motivated groups I have been involved with in all my years of activism. In my experience, the real change happens with groups of folks who are motivated to show up and work for it, no matter what the cost in terms of time invested.

Unfortunately, this is lacking in fishermen groups today.
More accurately, it's probably evidence of shift in society's mores overall.

I apologize for the words seeming so harsh here, but honesty is important.
If all we do is complain on the internet, nothing gets accomplished.
For awhile I got disillusioned with fighting for fishermen access, because of all the apathy and bad behavior/selfishness I encountered.
I still have some fight left in me, and am hoping that some of you folks reading this do as well.
If not for you, think of your children, and their children, who will benefit from our effort, or suffer from lack of it.

Thanks for reading...and please continue to post updates and attend meetings. Remember, your voice counts in person, not on the internet. :HappyWave:

fishinmission78
01-05-2016, 09:51 AM
More money to waste
12-25-15 www.nj.com

Rep. Frank Pallone (D-NJ) kicked off the final phase of a massive beach replenishment project from Sea Bright to Manasquan last week. Unfortunately, that project, like others before it, is bad news for surfcasters as it will fill in structure and cuts that attract fish to the surf. The popular Phillips Ave. jetty will be notched, though the original six jetties to be notched were reduced to three after negotiations with anglers.

Despite the ecological damage involved, there was no way to stop the project involving $86,722,210 in Sandy aid federal funding as broad beaches are important to Shore communities. In the long run, future northeasters will probably restore some of the damage done and may even uncover some of the jetties being buried.

surferman
01-13-2016, 07:02 PM
I belong to surfrider.org. Found this pretty cool article last week detailing a lot of what happened up there in jetty country.
http://www.beachapedia.org/State_of_the_Beach/State_Reports/NJ/Beach_Access

cowherder
01-14-2016, 11:07 AM
Very well written and detailed. Thanks for sharing.

hookset
01-27-2016, 09:14 AM
Saw a crane at Manasquan. I thought they were done with the replenishment there. Or is that damage control from the noreaster. Anyone know? thanks

finchaser
01-27-2016, 09:37 AM
10 year on going project

seamonkey
01-27-2016, 02:15 PM
Never ending bottomless pit of waste thats what it is!

buckethead
04-14-2016, 08:31 PM
This isn't beach replenishment but somewhat related. DS if it's not in the right place feel free to move it. Long branch finally got it's boardwalk back.
http://www.nj.com/monmouth/index.ssf/2016/04/last_sandy-damaged_boardwalk_finally_reopens_photo.html

storminsteve
04-15-2016, 08:02 AM
Thanks I was down there last night checking out some spots. They did a beautiful job!

bababooey
06-12-2016, 11:01 PM
Thought you guys might like to see who really benefited from sandy fed $. Click on the link to see names and amounts.
http://www.nj.com/monmouth/index.ssf/2016/06/millions_of_dollars_in_sandy_recovery_money_helpin .html#incart_most-read_shore_article

buckethead
06-13-2016, 01:13 PM
I know they needed to get things back up to speed after Sandy but after reading that it just reminds me that it's business as usual in Jersey.

surferman
01-26-2017, 05:12 AM
Looks like they will need a few hundred million more $.
http://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/Nor_easter-Causes-Beach-Erosion-at-the-Jersey-Shore_Philadelphia-411699816.html?_osource=taboola-recirc

finchaser
01-26-2017, 06:43 PM
Total waste of money enough is enough no one told them to build that close to the water

fishinmission78
01-28-2017, 09:44 AM
Welfare for the rich.

plugcrazy
03-18-2017, 04:19 PM
Brick Beach replenishment won't begin until 2018
http://brick.shorebeat.com/2017/03/brick-beach-replenishment-wont-begin-until-2018-last-town-in-project/

fishinmission78
05-31-2017, 04:56 PM
^^^^ Looks like someone jumped the gun. They already have the machines set up ortley to lav. area. Drove past it the other day. Gonna ruin what fishing we have left.

finchaser
05-31-2017, 08:18 PM
As I was told their doing ortley to Seaside stage one then point to barnegat stage 2. Brick is in stage 2,
they will be taking down Manasquan ridge for the sand

Then besides most of the bigger fish being dead the rest pass offshore as there is no longer any structure along our coast to hold bait any longer

surferman
06-01-2017, 10:13 AM
How about this lawsuit N Wildwood is facing? It seems to me the beach replenishment in some places is just causing more erosion in other places.
http://sojo1049.com/north-wildwood-installs-new-warning-signs-after-3-drowned/

porgy75
12-07-2017, 11:56 AM
Erosion? also unsafe conditions
https://nypost.com/2017/08/12/jersey-shore-dunes-blamed-for-surge-in-drownings/